ABSTRACT
Introducción: La muerte en niños y adolescentes por cáncer suele ser difícil de afrontar por los profesionales de salud. Si no cuentan con modos adecuados para transitar estos duelos, pueden generarse problemas psicológicos, emocionales y físicos, exponiéndose a Burnout. Objetivo: Develar las estrategias utilizadas por profesionales y técnicos de salud de hospitales públicos chilenos para afrontar la muerte de infantes con cáncer. Métodos: Investigación cualitativa fenomenológica, realizada en cinco hospitales públicos en Santiago de Chile, entre mayo-septiembre del 2017. Población de 37 profesionales y técnicos de salud que vivenciaron morir niños y adolescentes con cáncer. Se efectuaron entrevistas en profundidad, guiadas por la pregunta "¿Cómo ha afrontado usted la muerte de los pacientes en su unidad?" Las narrativas se transcribieron y analizaron según las etapas de Streubert, se triangularon los datos hasta alcanzar la saturación. Resultados: Las principales estrategias fueron participar de ritos de despedida ante la muerte, realizar actividades recreativas con miembros del equipo fuera de la jornada laboral, hacer cambios en la rutina de trabajo, separar aspectos personales y profesionales. Al percibir un bajo apoyo de la institución, propusieron facilitar la asistencia al funeral, desarrollar intervenciones formales de apoyo en duelo, realizar intervenciones de autocuidado e incorporar el tema de la muerte en las inducciones laborales. Conclusión: Los profesionales y técnicos cuentan con estrategias para afrontar sus duelos. Sin embargo, requieren de apoyo formal de la institución, junto con capacitación continua en la temática. Es fundamental que la institución se implique en esta problemática(AU)
Introduction: Cancer deaths among children and adolescents are often difficult for health professionals to cope with. If they do not have adequate ways to deal with this grief, psychological, emotional and physical problems may arise, exposing them to burnout or the so called burned-out worker syndrome. Objective: To reveal the strategies used by health professionals and technicians in Chilean public hospitals to cope with the death of children with cancer. Methods: Qualitative and phenomenological research carried out in five public hospitals in Santiago, Chile, between May and September 2017. The population was made up of 37 health professionals and technicians who experienced the death of children and adolescents with cancer. In-depth interviews were conducted, guided by the following question: How have you coped with the death of patients in your unit? The narratives were transcribed and analyzed according to the stages described by Streubert. In addition, the data were triangulated until saturation was reached. Results: The main strategies were to participate in farewell rites in the face of death, to carry out recreational activities with team members outside the workday, to make changes in the work routine, as well as to separate personal and professional aspects. When perceiving low support from the institution, they proposed facilitating attendance at the funeral, developing formal bereavement support interventions, carrying out self-care, and incorporating the matter of death into work inductions. Conclusion: Professionals and technicians have strategies to cope with their bereavement. However, they need formal support from the institution, together with continuous training on the matter. It is essential for the institution to become involved in this issue(AU)
Subject(s)
Humans , Child , Adolescent , Adaptation, Psychological , Attitude to Death , Child Mortality , Medical Oncology/methods , Health Strategies , Qualitative ResearchABSTRACT
Introducción: El peso al nacer es, sin dudas, la variable más importante para determinar las posibilidades que tiene de un recién nacido de experimentar un crecimiento y desarrollo satisfactorios, de manera que la tasa de recién nacidos con bajo peso se considera hoy día un indicador general de salud. Objetivo: Describir los factores de riesgo asociados al bajo peso al nacer en el Policlínico Universitario de Previsora, de la ciudad de Camagüey durante 2019. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio descriptivo, de corte transversal de las 19 madres que tuvieron recién nacidos con peso inferior a 2 500 gramos y se encontraban en el área de salud señalada en el periodo estudiado. Se analizaron variables relacionadas con los factores sociodemográficos, medioambientales y con la gestación. Para el procesamiento de los datos se utilizaron frecuencias relativas y absolutas. Resultados: Las enfermedades más frecuentes relacionadas con estos nacimientos fueron la hipertensión arterial y la anemia (26,3 %, respectivamente); asimismo, 57,8 % de las madres eran multíparas y 3 de ellas presentaron un periodo intergenésico corto. Conclusiones: El bajo peso al nacer se debe a la asociación de varios factores biológicos, socioeconómicos, ambientales y psicológicos, por lo que resulta difícil definir una causa única en su aparición.
Introduction: The birth weight is, undoubtedly, the most important variable to determine the possibilities that a new born has experiencing a satisfactory growth and development, so that the rate of new born with low weight is considered nowadays a general indicator of health. Objective: To describe the risk factors associated with the low birth weight in the University Polyclinic of Previsora, from Camagüey city during 2019. Methods: A descriptive and cross-sectional study of the 19 mothers that had new borns with weight under 2 500 grams was carried out. They were in that health area during the studied period. Some variables related to the sociodemographic, environmental factors and with pregnancy were analyzed. Relative and absolute frequencies were used to process the data. Results: The most frequent diseases related to these births were hypertension and anemia (26.3 %, respectively); also, 57.8 % of the mothers were multiparus and 3 of them presented one short intergenesic period. Conclusions: Low birth weight is the consequence of several biological, socioeconomic, environmental and psychological factors, reason why it is difficult to define a unique cause in its emergence.
Subject(s)
Infant, Low Birth Weight , Maternal and Child Health , Risk Factors , Primary Health Care , Infant Mortality , Perinatal CareABSTRACT
Objective To assess the changes and the leading cause of deaths for children under 5 years old,in China,during 2000-2010,with the aim of evaluation on the progress in achieving the relative goal set by "National Program of Action for Child Development in China (2001-2010)",and understanding the related challenges.Methods Data used in this study were collected from the population-based National Maternal and Child' s Health Surveillance Network of China.Infant Mortality Rate (IMR),Under-5-mortality rate (U5MR) and the leading cause of deaths for under-5 children were analyzed.Results Nationwide IMR and U5MR in 2010 dropped by 59.3％and 58.7％ respectively,compared to that in 2000.Decreases by 50.8％ and 47.1％ in IMR and U5MR were observed in urban areas,and 56.5％ and 56.0％ in rural areas during this period.Compared with data from 2000,the leading causes-specific U5MR in 2010 had significantly declined.The top 5 leading causes of death in 2010 were premature birth/low birth weight,pneumonia,birth asphyxia,congenital heart disease and accidental suffocation,but were different in urban and rural areas.In 2010,both IMR and U5MR from the rural areas were 2.8-folds than that of the urban areas.In addition,IMRs in the Middle and Western parts of China were 1.5 and 2.3-folds respectively of that in the East,and U5MR in Middle and West was 1.5 and 2.2-folds respectively of that in East.Conclusion IMR,U5MR and the leading causes specific mortality rate in China declined remarkably from 2000 to 2010,and the goal set by "National Program of Achon for Child Development in China (2001-2010)" had been successfully achieved.However,the disparity on child' s health in regions and in urban or rural areas,still remained a challenge.
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Analysis of 1.701 cases of children mortality under 14 years old at 7 districts and Thai Binh city, from January 1998 to December 2000. The results: early neonatal mortality (< 7days) or a part of prenatal mortality accounted for 35.3%; neonatal mortality 41.6%, children mortality under 1 year old: 57.6%; children mortality under 5 years old: 83.5% compared with children mortality total under 14 years old. Children mortality rate under 1 year old was 13.22%o; Children mortality rate under 5 years old trended to decrease from 23.3%o (1998) to 17.5%o (2000). The main causes of children mortality was cerebral diseases, meninges diseases; respiratory diseases, cardiovascular disease; then some accidents as drowning, electric shock, traffic accident and the third was premature birth